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PROJECT ELEPHANT

PROJECT ELEPHANT

 

Why in News?

At the 16th Steering Committee meeting of Project Elephant, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched a field manual named-Field Manual for Managing Human-Elephant Conflicts (HEC) in India-to guide forest staffers dealing with HEC in major elephant range states.

About

Asian Elephants

• There are three subspecies of Asian elephant which are the Indian, Sumatran and Sri Lankan.
• The Indian subspecies has the widest range and accounts for most of the remaining elephants on the continent.
• The elephant herd is led by the oldest and largest female member (known as the matriarch). This herd includes the daughters of the matriarch and their offspring.
• Elephants have the longest-known gestational (pregnancy) period of all mammals, lasting up to 680 days (22 months).
• Females between 14 - 45 years may give birth to calves approximately every four years with the mean interbirth intervals increasing to five years by age 52 and six years by age 60.
• Global Population: Estimated 20,000 to 40,000.

Protection Status

• IUCN Red List: Endangered.
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
• CITES: Appendix I

African Elephants

• There are two subspecies of African elephants, the Savanna (or bush) elephant and the Forest elephant.
• Global Population: Around 4,00,000.
• Earlier in July 2020, Botswana (Africa) witnessed the death of hundreds of elephants.

Protection Status

• IUCN Red List Status:
• African Savanna Elephant: Endangered.
• African Forest Elephant: Critically Endangered
• CITES: Appendix II

Threats

• Escalation of poaching.
• Habitat loss.
• Human-elephant conflict.
• Mistreatment in captivity.
• Abuse due to elephant tourism.
• Rampant mining, Corridor destruction.

What are the Steps Taken for Conservation?

• Plans and programmes to arrest their poachers and killers.
• Declaration and establishment of various elephant reserves across the states. For example, Mysuru and Dandeli elephant reserves in Karnataka.
• Cleaning areas from lantana and eupatorium (invasive species) as they prevent the growth of grass for elephants to feed on.
• Barricades to prevent man-elephant conflicts.
• Measures for establishment of a cell to study forest fire prevention.
• Gaj Yatra which is a nationwide awareness campaign to celebrate elephants and highlights the necessity of securing elephant corridors.
• The Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) programme, launched in 2003, is an international collaboration that tracks trends in information related to the illegal killing of elephants from across Africa and Asia, to monitor effectiveness of field conservation efforts.
• Project Elephant: It is a centrally sponsored scheme and was launched in February 1992 for the protection of elephants, their habitats and corridors.
• The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change provides financial and technical support to major elephant range states in the country through the project.

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